Raja Ampat, Indonesia, possesses the greatest diversity of corals and reef fishes on the
planet. The area is a priority for marine conservation for the provincial government,
local communities, and major international nongovernmental organizations such as
The Nature Conservancy and Conservation International. Traditional marine resource
management practices in the region, referred to as sasi, have the potential to support
conservation objectives. This article contends that while traditional marine resource
management systems may support conservation, they must be reinforced by a supportive
social structure and governance system to remain relevant in a rapidly changing world.
Two villages in Raja Ampat were studied to gain a better understanding of sasi and
how this practice has been affected by cultural, political, and economic change. These
villages illustrate how the role of religious authorities, access to alternative livelihoods,
proximity to urban centers, and capacity for monitoring and enforcement may influence
the effectiveness of marine resource management systems. Our research suggests that
the continued relevance of sasi in marine resource management relies on the support
of influential local leaders and businesses and government regulations that reinforce
traditional resource use practices.